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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is due to genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet and the composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In certain species, some soldiers obstruct tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they might intentionally repaint themselves as an act of defence.153 In cases where the intrusion is coming from a violation which is bigger than the soldier's head, defence requires a distinctive formations where soldiers shape a phalanx-like formation around the violation and bite at intruders.154 If an invasion completed by Megaponera analis is powerful, an entire colony could be destroyed, although this scenario is rare.154.

To termites, any breach of the tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites discover a potential violation, the soldiers usually bang their heads, apparently to attract other troops for defence and to recruit additional workers to fix any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite lumps into other termites which induces them to become alerted and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which is also a way to recruit additional workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, also known as nasutes, that possess the capability to exude noxious fluids via a horn-like frontal projection that they utilize for defence.155 Nasutes have dropped their mandibles throughout the course of evolution and have to be fed by employees.59 A vast array of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids that nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to protect their nests.157.

Soldiers of the species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a huge gland just beneath the surface of their cuticles. The thick, yellowish fluid in the gland gets very tacky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects which are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a block that denies entry to any outsider.161.

Workers use many different approaches to deal with their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse entirely.162163164 To check it out avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries a corpse from the colony to eliminate it everywhere.165 Which strategy is used depends on the nature of the corpse a worker is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These tiny brown balls, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggsand in certain circumstances the workers tend to these.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behavior exists between different species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain particular species within Reticulitermes.

This chemical mimicry makes it possible for the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes enables the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Several species of ant have been known to catch termites to use as a brand new food source later on, rather than killing them. For instance, her explanation Formica nigra captures termites, and people who try to escape are instantly seized and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species move in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants like Megaponera analis assault the outside of mounds and Dorylinae ants assault underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both occupied and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants live in Nasutitermes mounds is a result of the termites' frequent occurrence in their own geographic range; another is to shield themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence check my reference for any kind of relationship (other than a predatory one) is known.116 In rare cases, certain species of termites live inside active ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a consequence, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.